{"id":2360,"date":"2023-02-06T08:01:01","date_gmt":"2023-02-06T08:01:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pickl.ai\/blog\/?p=2360"},"modified":"2025-05-21T15:32:29","modified_gmt":"2025-05-21T10:02:29","slug":"sql-interview-questions-for-data-analyst","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/sql-interview-questions-for-data-analyst\/","title":{"rendered":"Must Know SQL Interview Questions for Data Analysts"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Summary:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prepare thoroughly for Data Analyst interviews with our comprehensive guide on SQL interview questions. Learn essential SQL concepts, practice example queries, and gain confidence in solving real-world data problems.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/sql-interview-questions-for-data-analyst\/#Introduction\" >Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/sql-interview-questions-for-data-analyst\/#General_SQL_Interview_Composition\" >General SQL Interview Composition\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/sql-interview-questions-for-data-analyst\/#Important_SQL_Interview_Questions\" >Important SQL Interview Questions.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/sql-interview-questions-for-data-analyst\/#What_is_a_Primary_Key\" >What is a Primary Key<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/sql-interview-questions-for-data-analyst\/#What_are_the_different_subsets_of_SQL\" >What are the different subsets of SQL?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/sql-interview-questions-for-data-analyst\/#What_do_you_mean_by_DBMS_What_are_its_different_types\" >What do you mean by DBMS? What are its different types?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/sql-interview-questions-for-data-analyst\/#What_are_the_most_common_aggregate_functions_in_SQL_What_do_they_do\" >What are the most common aggregate functions in SQL? What do they do?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/sql-interview-questions-for-data-analyst\/#What_is_the_difference_between_an_Inner_Outer_Right_and_Left_join\" >What is the difference between an Inner, Outer,\u00a0 Right, and Left join?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/sql-interview-questions-for-data-analyst\/#What_command_would_you_use_to_update_data_in_a_table\" >What command would you use to update data in a table?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/sql-interview-questions-for-data-analyst\/#Which_operator_is_used_to_select_values_within_a_range\" >Which operator is used to select values within a range?\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/sql-interview-questions-for-data-analyst\/#When_would_you_use_the_GROUP_BY_statement\" >When would you use the GROUP BY statement?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/sql-interview-questions-for-data-analyst\/#What_is_a_Self-Join\" >What is a Self-Join?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/sql-interview-questions-for-data-analyst\/#What_is_schema_in_SQL_Server\" >What is schema in SQL Server?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/sql-interview-questions-for-data-analyst\/#Example_Coding_Question_Real_industry_based\" >Example Coding Question (Real industry based)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/sql-interview-questions-for-data-analyst\/#Wrapping_It_Up\" >Wrapping It Up<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"introduction\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span><b>Introduction<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Preparing for the SQL interview questions to become more proficient in <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data Science <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">with example questions and a framework for answering them.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SQL is a unique tool that <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pickl.ai\/blog\/why-sql-is-important-for-data-analyst\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data Analysts must have<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in their arsenal. Its tabular format for data storage makes it easier to comprehend the information. In addition, several other features of SQL make it one of the popular tools for Data Scientists.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moreover, the significance of SQL is growing beyond just interviews and job roles. The SQL Server Transformation Market is experiencing rapid growth, with an anticipated <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CAGR of 10.1%<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from 2022 to 2029.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At USD 15.5 billion, industry revenue is expected to double, reaching USD 30.4 billion by 2029. This surge highlights the increasing reliance on SQL-powered data solutions in modern enterprises.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The blog includes tips and tactics for confidently responding to SQL screening interviews. It also covers a variety of SQL query-related questions, an example coding question, and the step-by-step process for writing SQL code during the interview.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Structured Query Language or <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pickl.ai\/blog\/introduction-to-sql-for-data-science\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SQL for Data Science<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is one of the most critical skills every Data Science aspirant must master. As you prepare for your interview for Data Science roles, you should also start grasping the concepts of SQL to come up with flying colours.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Key Takeaways<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SQL is a fundamental skill for Data Analysts and is widely tested in job interviews.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SQL interview formats include whiteboard tests, live coding, and case studies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Common SQL topics include JOINs, indexing, aggregate functions, and query optimisation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regular SQL practice and problem-solving improve interview performance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pickl.AI offers courses to master SQL and Data Science skills effectively.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"general-sql-interview-composition\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"General_SQL_Interview_Composition\"><\/span><b>General SQL Interview Composition\u00a0<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SQL is essential for information retrieval, analysis, and interpretation. Anyone working in Data Science uses SQL to interface with <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pickl.ai\/blog\/what-is-relational-database\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">relational databases<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As an application of SQL in Data Science is indispensable, every aspiring Data Scientist preparing for this interview should be well-versed in it. Most <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pickl.ai\/blog\/data-analyst-vs-data-scientist\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data Scientist or Data Analyst<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> interviews have a SQL technical evaluation section. This phase of the interview demands that you address real-world problems using SQL.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Usually, you may be given some typological issues. Still, the ultimate purpose is for the interviewer to check if you can utilise SQL rather than merely talking about it. So, knowing the terms and solving problems in SQL is necessary for cracking any interview. Most commonly, such exams take one of three forms:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Whiteboard: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SQL whiteboard exams are a regular component of interviews. A whiteboard test requires you to construct SQL queries by hand, allowing firms to check your comprehension of SQL principles and problem-solving abilities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Coding tests:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Many employers may ask you to develop code and execute queries during live interviews. You may check for syntax problems while working with live code displays, allowing firms to monitor your coding effectiveness.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>SQL case studies: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the case of interviews, you are given a real-world problem and asked to answer it using your SQL expertise. These are often open-ended inquiries that allow for analysis and problem-solving creativity.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"important-sql-interview-questions\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Important_SQL_Interview_Questions\"><\/span><b>Important SQL Interview Questions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: revert; color: #121416; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, 'Noto Sans', sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'Noto Color Emoji';\">.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-19789\" src=\"https:\/\/pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image5.png\" alt=\"Important SQL interview questions\" width=\"1000\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image5.png 1000w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image5-300x100.png 300w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image5-768x256.png 768w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image5-110x37.png 110w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image5-200x67.png 200w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image5-380x127.png 380w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image5-255x85.png 255w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image5-550x183.png 550w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image5-800x266.png 800w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image5-150x50.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Understanding basic SQL questions is crucial for anyone working with databases. It helps master query writing, optimise database performance, and ace interviews. Familiarity with SQL questions enhances problem-solving skills and ensures efficient data retrieval and manipulation, making it indispensable in data-driven professions.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"what-is-a-primary-key\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_Primary_Key\"><\/span><b>What is a Primary Key<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In SQL, a primary key is a distinct identifier for each record (row) in a table. It guarantees that no two rows have identical values in the primary key fields and enforces the integrity of the data in the table.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A primary key in a table can be one or many columns. A composite primary key is created when numerous columns are utilised. Primary fundamental column values must be unique across all rows in the table and cannot be NULL. Foreign keys in linked tables are derived from primary keys.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"what-are-the-different-subsets-of-sql\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_different_subsets_of_SQL\"><\/span><b>What are the different subsets of SQL?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SQL (Structured Query Language) is divided into numerous subsets that serve distinct purposes:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>DDL (Data Definition Language):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This SQL subset comprises instructions to define the database structure, such as CREATE, ALTER, and DROP statements.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Data Manipulation Language (DML):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This subset of SQL comprises instructions for managing and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pickl.ai\/blog\/data-manipulation-types-examples\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">manipulating data<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> stored in a database, such as SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Data Control Language (DCL):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This SQL subset comprises commands that control database and data access, such as the GRANT and REVOKE statements.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Transaction Control Language (TCL):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This SQL subset comprises transaction-management commands such as the COMMIT, ROLLBACK, and SAVEPOINT statements.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Dynamic SQL: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is a subset of SQL that contains instructions for dynamically generating and executing SQL statements at runtime.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"what-do-you-mean-by-dbms-what-are-its-different-types\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_do_you_mean_by_DBMS_What_are_its_different_types\"><\/span><b>What do you mean by DBMS? What are its different types?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DBMS is an abbreviation for Database Management System. It is a software system that allows users to save, retrieve, and change data by providing an interface for dealing with a database.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>There are several types of DBMS, including:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Relational DBMS (RDBMS):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> A type of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pickl.ai\/blog\/structure-of-database-management-system\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DBMS<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that organises data into tables, with each table consisting of rows (records) and columns (fields). Relationships between tables can be established using keys.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Object-Relational DBMS (ORDBMS): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A DBMS that extends the relational model by including support for objects and object-oriented programming concepts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Hierarchical DBMS:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> A type of DBMS that organises data into a tree-like structure, with each record having one parent and zero or more children.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Network DBMS:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> A DBMS that organises data into a network of records, where records can have multiple parent and child relationships.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>NoSQL DBMS:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> A type of DBMS that does not use the relational model and instead uses alternative data storage and retrieval methods, such as a key-value, document-based, graph-based, or column-based.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Distributed DBMS: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A DBMS that distributes data and processing across multiple physical and\/or logical servers, allowing for scalability and improved performance.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"what-are-the-most-common-aggregate-functions-in-sql-what-do-they-do\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_most_common_aggregate_functions_in_SQL_What_do_they_do\"><\/span><b>What are the most common aggregate functions in SQL? What do they do?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An aggregate function calculates a set of values and returns a single result that sums the set. SQL&#8217;s most common aggregate functions are COUNT, SUM, and AVG.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>COUNT:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It returns the number of items in a group.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>SUM: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This function returns the sum of ALL or DISTINCT values in an expression.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>AVG:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It returns the average of values in a group (and ignores NULL values).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3 id=\"what-is-the-difference-between-an-inner-outer-right-and-left-join\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_difference_between_an_Inner_Outer_Right_and_Left_join\"><\/span><b>What is the difference between an Inner, Outer,\u00a0 Right, and Left join?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here are the different types of JOINs in SQL:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>INNER JOIN: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It returns records that have matching values in both tables<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>LEFT JOIN: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It returns all records from the left table and the matched records from the right table<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>RIGHT JOIN:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It returns all records from the right table and the matched records from the left table<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>FULL JOIN:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It returns all records when there is a match in either the left or right table<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"what-command-would-you-use-to-update-data-in-a-table\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_command_would_you_use_to_update_data_in_a_table\"><\/span><b>What command would you use to update data in a table?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In SQL, the UPDATE command is used to modify existing records in a table. It is combined with SET, which specifies the columns to be modified along with their new values and WHERE to select the rows that will be updated based on certain conditions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Example: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Suppose we have a table named Customer and want to update the ContactName for a customer with CustomerID 1 to &#8220;Ashutosh Jindal&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-19792\" src=\"https:\/\/pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image1-3.png\" alt=\"SQL query for updating data in a table.\n\" width=\"988\" height=\"196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image1-3.png 988w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image1-3-300x60.png 300w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image1-3-768x152.png 768w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image1-3-110x22.png 110w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image1-3-200x40.png 200w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image1-3-380x75.png 380w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image1-3-255x51.png 255w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image1-3-550x109.png 550w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image1-3-800x159.png 800w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image1-3-150x30.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 988px) 100vw, 988px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"which-operator-is-used-to-select-values-within-a-range\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_operator_is_used_to_select_values_within_a_range\"><\/span><b>Which operator is used to select values within a range?\u00a0<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The BETWEEN operator selects values within a specified range, including the start and end values.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Example:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> To select CustomerID values between 378 and 492 from the Customer table:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-19794\" src=\"https:\/\/pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image3-1.png\" alt=\"SQL query for updating data in a table.\" width=\"988\" height=\"198\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image3-1.png 988w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image3-1-300x60.png 300w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image3-1-768x154.png 768w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image3-1-110x22.png 110w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image3-1-200x40.png 200w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image3-1-380x76.png 380w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image3-1-255x51.png 255w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image3-1-550x110.png 550w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image3-1-800x160.png 800w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image3-1-150x30.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 988px) 100vw, 988px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"when-would-you-use-the-group-by-statement\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"When_would_you_use_the_GROUP_BY_statement\"><\/span><b>When would you use the GROUP BY statement?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The GROUP BY statement in SQL groups rows with the same values in specified columns into summary rows, typically for calculating aggregate values such as the sum, average, count, etc., for each group.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is commonly used in combination with aggregate functions such as SUM(), AVG(), COUNT(), MIN(), MAX(), etc., to perform Data Analysis.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Example:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> To calculate the total sales for each product in a sales_table, you might use:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-19795\" src=\"https:\/\/pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image6.png\" alt=\"SQL query to use the GROUP BY statement.\" width=\"987\" height=\"197\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image6.png 987w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image6-300x60.png 300w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image6-768x153.png 768w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image6-110x22.png 110w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image6-200x40.png 200w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image6-380x76.png 380w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image6-255x51.png 255w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image6-550x110.png 550w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image6-800x160.png 800w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image6-150x30.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 987px) 100vw, 987px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This query aggregates sales by product_id, showing the total sales for each unique product in the sales_table.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"what-is-a-self-join\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_Self-Join\"><\/span><b>What is a Self-Join?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A self-join in SQL is when the table is joined to itself. In other words, a self-join allows you to compare rows within a single table. A self-join is helpful in cases where you want to find relationships between rows within the same table,\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For example, I found all employees who are managers of other employees in an \u2018EMPLOYEES\u2019 table. To do this, you would join the \u2018EMPLOYEES\u2019 table with itself, using a \u2018WHERE\u2019 clause to specify the relationship between the two instances of the table.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"what-is-schema-in-sql-server\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_schema_in_SQL_Server\"><\/span><b>What is schema in SQL Server?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">schema in SQL Server<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a container for database objects such as tables, views, stored procedures, and functions. Schemas provide a way to logically group these objects within a database, making it easier to manage and organise the database structure.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A schema can be considered a namespace for database objects, similar to how a folder is a namespace for files in a file system. Each database object within a schema has a unique name but can have the same name as an object in another schema.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In SQL Server, each database user can own one or more schemas. By default, each user is assigned a default schema with the same name as the user.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"example-coding-question-real-industry-based\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Example_Coding_Question_Real_industry_based\"><\/span><b>Example Coding Question (Real industry based)<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Question: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Analyse the best days for displaying ads on different platforms for Diwali Sales Analysis<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To analyse the best days for displaying ads for Diwali sales on different platforms using SQL, you would need to have data about the sales performance on each platform for previous Diwali seasons and the sales performance on each platform for the current Diwali season.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Assuming you have this data in a table named sales, you could perform the following analysis:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-19798\" src=\"https:\/\/pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image2-9.jpg\" alt=\"Example coding question in SQL.\" width=\"940\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image2-9.jpg 940w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image2-9-300x191.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image2-9-768x490.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image2-9-110x70.jpg 110w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image2-9-200x128.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image2-9-380x243.jpg 380w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image2-9-255x163.jpg 255w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image2-9-550x351.jpg 550w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image2-9-800x511.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.pickl.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image2-9-150x96.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this example, the \u2018WITH\u2019 clause creates a derived table \u2018diwali_sales\u2019 that aggregates the sales data for each platform and the date for the Diwali season. The main \u2018SELECT\u2019 statement then selects the platform, date, total sales, and a ranking based on the total sales for each platform.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The \u2018<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pickl.ai\/blog\/overview-of-row_number-function-in-sql\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ROW_NUMBER()<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2019 function generates the ranking, with the \u2018PARTITION BY\u2019 clause specifying that the ranking should be separate for each platform and the \u2018ORDER BY\u2019 clause specifying that it should be based on total sales.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The result of this query will be a table with columns for the platform, date, total sales, and rank. You can then use this table to identify the best days for displaying ads on each platform by selecting the rows with the highest rank.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"wrapping-it-up\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Wrapping_It_Up\"><\/span><b>Wrapping It Up<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This brief guide on SQL will help you prepare to excel in Data Science interviews.\u00a0 Even if you have just started with SQL, regular practice and persistence will help you excel. Moreover, try to answer as many SQL interview questions as possible.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/pickl.ai\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pickl.AI<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, we assist you in mastering all such integral Data Science concepts. Pickl.AI assures you that by the end of its <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Science<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Program<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, you will excel in all the conceptual and practical implications of Data Science, from case studies to projects and internships.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ace Data Analyst interviews with top must-know SQL interview questions.\u00a0\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":19799,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2037,613],"tags":[580,618,617,619,614,615,616],"ppma_author":[2186,2183],"class_list":{"0":"post-2360","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-interview-questions","8":"category-sql","9":"tag-sql-for-data-science","10":"tag-sql-for-data-science-interview-questions","11":"tag-sql-in-data-science","12":"tag-sql-interview-questions","13":"tag-sql-interview-questions-for-data-analyst","14":"tag-sql-query-interview-questions-and-answers","15":"tag-tricky-sql-queries-for-interview"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Top SQL Interview Questions for Data Analyst- Pickl.AI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Master SQL with our guide on SQL interview questions for data analysts. 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